math.clamp is a way of setting boundaries for a number. It accepts three numerical parameters; x, min, and max. If x is less than min, then it returns min. If x is greater than max, then it returns max. Otherwise, it will return x. If max is less than min, it will throw an error.

Example:

print(math.clamp(2, 1, 10)) --> 2
print(math.clamp(0, 1, 10)) --> 1
print(math.clamp(11, 1, 10)) --> 10
math.sign is a way of finding out if a number is positive, negative, or neutral. It accepts one numerical parameter, x. It returns 1 if x is above 0, -1 if x is below 0, and 0 if x is 0.

Example:

print(math.sign(5)) --> 1
print(math.sign(-3)) --> -1
print(math.sign(0)) --> 0
Handy, no?